ISTANBUL: THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE THREE EMPIRE

According to information obtained from Yenikap’s archaeological investigations, Istanbul’s history goes back 8,500 years. Since its founding, Istanbul has grown under the control of numerous nations and served as the hub of numerous cultures.

Istanbul’s history is unquestionably most notable for having served as the capital of three global empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. In the fourth century A.D., the Roman Empire grew significantly. Instead of Rome, the emperor Constantine picked Istanbul as the new capital because of its advantageous position. In more than 6 years, the city was reorganized, the walls were expanded, and temples, government buildings, palaces, spas, and a hippodrome were constructed.

THE BYZANTION

With elaborate festivities, Istanbul was formally proclaimed as the Roman Empire’s capital in 330. At the beginning of the Near Age, the city was referred to as the Second Rome and the New Rome. Later, in the late ages, it was referred to as “Byzantion” and Constantinople. Throughout history, the inhabitants of the city have referred to it as “Police.”

It is said that the emperors who came after the Great Constantine kept the city looking beautiful. After Constantine, the city’s first churches were also constructed. Istanbul has long served as the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), which has been in power since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century.

The city was expanded once again by walls during the Byzantine era. Emperor Il built impressive city walls, which today measure 6492 meters in length. Theodosius erected it. Another golden age was lived in the city in the sixth century, which had a population of more than half a million, during the reign of Emperor Justinyen. The Hagia Sophia is a piece from this era and is still standing today. Latin dominance, a dark era lasting from 726 to 842, IV. The Crusade began in 1204 with the city assault by the Crusader Armies, and the city’s churches, monasteries, and monuments have been looted ever since. The city’s prior prosperity was lost once the Byzantines took control of its government in 1261.

Istanbul served as the center of the Ottoman Empire for 470 years, from the time Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered it in 1453 until 1923. The mosque, the synagogue, and the churches have attained a great tolerance in Istanbul, which throughout the Ottoman period became the center of science, culture, and art. Istanbul’s defenses were breached in part due to the enormous cannon balls created by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, which were employed for the first time in the history of a world battle. Following the conquest, the Ottoman Empire’s capital was relocated here, and the city’s construction work and immigrant population growth from other regions of the nation were both initiated. The elderly citizens of the city were granted religious freedom and social rights, and they were protected.

The elderly citizens of the city were granted religious freedom and social rights, and their survival was guaranteed. Domes and minarets dominated the city for a century after the conquest, imprinting the city with Turkish art.

Istanbul, which originally entered Ottoman territory on May 29, 1453, was separated into four administrative regions in 1459, each having a distinct population make-up. Istanbul, which began the 16th century as one of the most significant and significant cities in history, suffered damage by the Small Apocalypse earthquake that occurred on September 14, 1509. Following this significant damage by Sultan II, Beyazit’s reconstruction of Istanbul, which employed 80,000 people, proceeded to elevate Istanbul’s standing in the annals of history.

Istanbul has a city layout that dates back to the present and has continued to expand since Suleiman the Magnificent’s reign from 1520 to 1566, during which time it acquired numerous priceless works.

Since the Ottoman Sultans assumed the role of Caliph in the 16th century, Istanbul has developed into the hub of the entire Islamic world. By hosting not only the Islamic world but also all other religions and civilizations, Istanbul has earned the title of “World Capital.”

The formation of the fire brigade, the debut of the first printing press, and the opening of numerous enterprises between 1718 and 1730 in Istanbul coincided with the reign of Nevşehirli, the Grand Vizier of Damat Ibrahim Pasha. the First Constitutional Era’s proclamation on December 23, 1876, and the II. The Constitutional Monarchy caused the Ottoman Empire to transform. As a result of this modification, a law passed in 1909 that designated Istanbul as the first province.

The Tanzimat Edict, which was publicly read on November 3, 1939, at the Gülhane Garden of Topkapi Palace, marked the beginning of a new era in Istanbul.

On November 13, 1918, the Istanbul Allied Powers Navy took control of it following World War I. Istanbul was freed from enemy occupation on October 6, 1923, and the Republic of Turkey was established on October 29. The importance of Istanbul, a city that has endured to the present without losing its historical or cultural relevance, has not been altered by transportation in Ankara, the capital of the Republic of Turkey.